The Temple of Artemis , also known less precisely as Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to Artemis completed— in its most famous phase— around 550 BC at Ephesus (in present-day Turkey) under the Achaemenid dynasty of the Persian Empire.

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Nothing remains of the temple, which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. There were previous temples on its site, where evidence of a sanctuary dates as early as the Bronze Age.

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The old temple antedated the Ionic immigration by many years. Callimachus, in his Hymn to Artemis, attributed the origin of the temenos at Ephesus to the Amazons, whose worship he imagines already centered upon an image (bretas). In the seventh century the old temple was destroyed by a flood. Around 550 BC, they started to build the "new" temple, known as one of the wonders of the ancient world. It was a 120-year project, initially designed and constructed by the Cretan architect Chersiphron and his son Metagenes, at the expense of Croesus of Lydia.

Nike means "Victory" in Greek, and Athena was worshiped in this form, as goddess of victory, on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. Her temple was the earliest Ionic temple on the Acropolis, compensated by its prominent position on a steep bastion at the south west corner of the Acropolis to the right of the entrance (propylaea). There the citizens worshipped the goddess in hope of a prosperous outcome in the long war fought on land and sea against the Spartans and their allies. The Temple of Athena Nike was an expression of Athens' ambition to be the leading Greek city state in the Peloponnese. The Temple sits within the sanctuary of Athena Nike, atop a bastion on the south flank of the great stair to the Athenian Acropolis. In contrast to the Acropolis proper, a walled sanctuary entered through the Propylaia, the Nike Sanctuary was open, entered from the Propylaia's southwest wing and from a narrow stair on the north. The sheer walls of its bastion were protected on the north, west, and south by a parapet, the famed "Nike Parapet", named for its frieze of Nikai celebrating victory and sacrificing to their patroness, Athena.

History

The temple was begun around 427 BC and completed during the unrest of the Peloponnesian war. It was built over the remains of an earlier sixth century temple to Athena, demolished by the Persians in 480 BC.

The decision to build Athena Nike was an expression of Athens' ambitions to be a world power as opposed to Sparta. Constructed from white marble, it was built in stages as wartime funding allowed.

The temple's small size was compensated for in its position, resting on a rocky outcrop, positioned so the Athenian people could worship the goddess of victory in hope of prosperous outcomes in the war's endeavours. Once the temple was completed the Athenians added a protective parapet to express their determination and hope for final victory.

The Temple of Athena Nike stood untouched until it was demolished in 1686 by the Turks, who used the stones to build defenses against the Venetians. It was later completely reassembled.

India is the country where people have immense faith in God and His powers to cure human beings of all their problems and ailments. The country boasts of a rich cultural heritage, which is truly reflected in its well-preserved temples that reflect superb architectural skills and hold deep religious significance. Temples belonging to different religions in the world, such as Hinduism, Jainism and Zoroastrianism, co-exist peacefully here. Indian temples serve as the haven of peace, solace and tranquility, in the middle of the world that is getting full of greed, jealousy, hatred, etc.

These temples present the perfect example of religious and communal harmony, since they are visited by people belonging to all religions, sects, castes, creeds, etc. There is hardly any city, any town or any village in the country that does not have temples. Infact, right from the magnificent Himalayas in the north, to the splendid Kanyakumari in the south, India is dotted with thousands of temples and shrines. Revered by devotees throughout the country as well as abroad, some of these temples date back to hundreds of years.

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